The importance of pig farm infrastructure is self-evident, but farmers do not pay enough attention to pig farm design and often fall into some design misunderstandings, leading to frequent problems, such as improper pig farm site selection, unreasonable pig house layout, backward production technology, Inadequate facilities, etc.
Some experts pointed out that the frequent occurrence of pig diseases in various places in the past decade and the difficulty in raising pigs are closely related to the poor design of pig farms. Practice has proved that good pig farm planning and design can greatly reduce the occurrence and spread of pig farm diseases, and is the key to improving the economic benefits of pig farms.
How to avoid the problems existing in the current construction, renovation and expansion of pig farms? Today Zhuhaoduo.com will talk to you about the most common mistakes in pig farm infrastructure construction, and see how it is different from your ideal pig farm infrastructure.
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Misunderstanding 1: On-site facilities are not perfect
Based on input cost considerations, farmers often fall into the misunderstanding of "emphasis on construction and light on equipment" when building pig farms.
Some pig farms spend a lot of money on the construction of pig houses, but they are reluctant to invest in equipment. They think that it does not matter whether pigs need equipment. In fact, they must raise pigs well and the breeding environment (temperature, humidity, air quality, cleanliness, comfort, etc.) ) is a key factor.
Although the quality of the breeding environment is closely related to the construction of the pig house, it also depends more on mechanical equipment, such as the temperature inside the pig house. The environmental temperature requirements of various pig groups vary greatly. To maintain such a temperature difference, ventilation, cooling and heating are mainly needed. Insulation equipment.
Common misunderstandings include: lack of environmental protection facilities, few or unmatched drinking water facilities; improper specifications of feeding troughs, too large a slope on the ground, and no anti-slip facilities; too thin roofs of pig houses with poor thermal insulation performance; too thin walls with poor thermal insulation in winter. The effect is poor, heating costs increase; there are no vents, the smell in the house is strong, etc.
With the improvement of economic level and people's environmental awareness, the environmental protection requirements of pig farms are bound to become higher and higher. It is recommended that farmers should replace some equipment appropriately and increase investment in environmental protection facilities, such as biogas sewage treatment tanks, vacuolar manure, or develop a combination of planting and breeding to digest sewage.
As for the choice of equipment, you should buy reliable and durable equipment and strive to get it right in one step. Don't be greedy for temporary gains and buy equipment of poor quality and low price, which will need to be replaced in less than 3-5 years. In addition, appropriate investment in some more advanced equipment, such as intelligent sow group-raising automatic feeding systems, biogas generators, automatic feeding systems, etc., can improve the mechanization and automation levels of pig farms and improve investment returns.
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Misunderstanding 2: Improper site selection
The quality of the site is a key link in determining the success of the pig farm. In addition to complying with relevant national laws and regulations, the location of the pig farm must also consider the three major factors of "traffic, water quality, and ventilation."
The correct site selection method should comprehensively consider the location, topography, soil quality, water source and other aspects. In order to provide a healthy growth and development environment for pigs, we must first conduct a water source survey on the site. First, to see if the water source is abundant. Second, to test whether the water quality meets the requirements of the "Livestock and Poultry Drinking Water Quality" for pollution-free food. This is mainly to prevent excessive heavy metals in the water source. , because water is the source of all things, the quality of water is directly related to the level of pig production.
Secondly, it should be far away from residential areas but with convenient transportation. It should be located in a high, dry, flat and well-drained place with good public supporting conditions such as water, electricity, and roads. Otherwise, the investment in infrastructure will be too large and the benefits will be reduced.
Furthermore, the insulation, heat preservation, ventilation and lighting issues of the pig house must be considered. The pig farm should be built in a disease-free area surrounded by mountains and rivers, surrounded by natural isolation barriers, leeward to the sun, open and tidy, and slightly sloped.
Do not build large pig farms in mountain dens, otherwise there will be no ventilation in the summer and it will be very hot. In addition, the dirty air cannot be discharged, and the air quality will be poor all year round, which is not conducive to the growth and production management of pigs.
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Misunderstanding 3: The pig house model is single
The main problems in the old pig farm are: the feeding stages are crossed, and all-in and all-out cannot be achieved; one-point breeding, breeding, pregnancy, farrowing, nursery, growth and fattening are all in the same place.
In order to save money and convenience, some pig farms build boar barns, sow barns, and fattening pig barns into the same model. Building pig houses in this way is not conducive to production management, but also affects the normal growth, development and breeding of breeding pigs. For example, sows crush or bite piglets to death, and breeding pigs may fall, bruise, or sprain due to slippery ground or poor facilities when mating or standing.
In fact, the construction of sow houses, boar houses, nursery houses, and fattening pig houses all have different requirements and cannot be the same. For example, the most important sow house in a pig farm: due to the impact of farrowing sows, nursing sows, and suckling piglets on the environment The requirements for conditions such as temperature and care are relatively high, and a special farrowing room needs to be built. In comparison, the construction and production equipment of empty and pregnant sow houses are relatively simple. Therefore, the design of the delivery room must take into account both mother and child. The suitable temperature for sows in the farrowing room is about 20°C, and the house temperature cannot change significantly.
Misunderstanding 4:: Unreasonable space design
In order to expand the breeding capacity, some pig farms are building new pig farms in every possible way, which is a taboo in pig farm design. Farmers are most likely to fall into the misunderstanding of "casual and secure" when building pig farms. They are not sure about the space between pig houses, and the wrong orientation of pig houses leads to poor insulation, heat preservation, ventilation and other effects in the farm. The feeding environment deteriorates and pigs If there are more diseases, the economic benefits will decrease.
For example, the distance between some pig houses is too small, only twice the height of the wall, resulting in dark light inside the house, mosquitoes and flies flying around, and a fishy smell; some pig houses have no windows, or the windows are too small. This results in poor air circulation, excessive ammonia smell, and easy formation of vortex areas or dead corners; some pig houses are too low, small in area, and have many pigs, and each head occupies an area of less than 0.6 square meters. The breeding density is high, which affects the labor force. manage.
When building a closed pig house, the wall height should be more than 2 meters, and the distance between houses should be more than three times the wall height. A green belt should be left in the middle, and evergreen trees should be planted to improve the microclimate in the pig farm. The pig house should be built large enough, and the area of each pig should not be less than 1 square meter. The windows should be small and numerous. A pig house of 10 square meters should have at least four windows of 60 square centimeters.
Since most areas in the country are dominated by southeast winds, to avoid being intruded by the cold north, the placement of pig houses should follow the "north to south, 10-15 degrees eastward" approach. The management area is located upwind and upwind of the main wind direction of the production area. The terrain is higher; the isolation area should be located in the downwind direction of the site and in the lower terrain.
Sewage, manure treatment facilities and dead pig treatment facilities should be located downwind or crosswind of the production area. The distance between the buildings in the management area and the production area is less than 20m; the distance between the buildings in the production area and the introduction isolation area is not less than 50m, the distance between houses is not less than 10m, and the distance from the fence is not less than 5m.
All types of pig houses should be arranged in an orderly manner, from top to bottom according to the wind direction, in the order of boar houses, sow houses, growing (nursing) pig houses, and fattening pig houses. The fattening pig house is best located close to the farm gate to facilitate the fattening of pigs.
In addition, the space design of the pig house should be compatible with the equipment. Some farmers do not understand the equipment and design pig houses at will, resulting in huge waste. In the pig house architectural design, we must first make a graphic design of the pig house based on the feeding process, equipment specifications and quantity, and then fully understand the various equipment of each pig house, such as fences, water supply, electricity, ventilation, insulation, cleaning and disinfection. After meeting the installation requirements for feed conveying and other equipment, carefully design the preparatory parts, reserved holes and supporting platforms for equipment installation.
Some experts pointed out that the frequent occurrence of pig diseases in various places in the past decade and the difficulty in raising pigs are closely related to the poor design of pig farms. Practice has proved that good pig farm planning and design can greatly reduce the occurrence and spread of pig farm diseases, and is the key to improving the economic benefits of pig farms.
How to avoid the problems existing in the current construction, renovation and expansion of pig farms? Today Zhuhaoduo.com will talk to you about the most common mistakes in pig farm infrastructure construction, and see how it is different from your ideal pig farm infrastructure.
Misunderstanding 1: On-site facilities are not perfect
Based on input cost considerations, farmers often fall into the misunderstanding of "emphasis on construction and light on equipment" when building pig farms.
Some pig farms spend a lot of money on the construction of pig houses, but they are reluctant to invest in equipment. They think that it does not matter whether pigs need equipment. In fact, they must raise pigs well and the breeding environment (temperature, humidity, air quality, cleanliness, comfort, etc.) ) is a key factor.
Although the quality of the breeding environment is closely related to the construction of the pig house, it also depends more on mechanical equipment, such as the temperature inside the pig house. The environmental temperature requirements of various pig groups vary greatly. To maintain such a temperature difference, ventilation, cooling and heating are mainly needed. Insulation equipment.
Common misunderstandings include: lack of environmental protection facilities, few or unmatched drinking water facilities; improper specifications of feeding troughs, too large a slope on the ground, and no anti-slip facilities; too thin roofs of pig houses with poor thermal insulation performance; too thin walls with poor thermal insulation in winter. The effect is poor, heating costs increase; there are no vents, the smell in the house is strong, etc.
With the improvement of economic level and people's environmental awareness, the environmental protection requirements of pig farms are bound to become higher and higher. It is recommended that farmers should replace some equipment appropriately and increase investment in environmental protection facilities, such as biogas sewage treatment tanks, vacuolar manure, or develop a combination of planting and breeding to digest sewage.
As for the choice of equipment, you should buy reliable and durable equipment and strive to get it right in one step. Don't be greedy for temporary gains and buy equipment of poor quality and low price, which will need to be replaced in less than 3-5 years. In addition, appropriate investment in some more advanced equipment, such as intelligent sow group-raising automatic feeding systems, biogas generators, automatic feeding systems, etc., can improve the mechanization and automation levels of pig farms and improve investment returns.
Misunderstanding 2: Improper site selection
The quality of the site is a key link in determining the success of the pig farm. In addition to complying with relevant national laws and regulations, the location of the pig farm must also consider the three major factors of "traffic, water quality, and ventilation."
The correct site selection method should comprehensively consider the location, topography, soil quality, water source and other aspects. In order to provide a healthy growth and development environment for pigs, we must first conduct a water source survey on the site. First, to see if the water source is abundant. Second, to test whether the water quality meets the requirements of the "Livestock and Poultry Drinking Water Quality" for pollution-free food. This is mainly to prevent excessive heavy metals in the water source. , because water is the source of all things, the quality of water is directly related to the level of pig production.
Secondly, it should be far away from residential areas but with convenient transportation. It should be located in a high, dry, flat and well-drained place with good public supporting conditions such as water, electricity, and roads. Otherwise, the investment in infrastructure will be too large and the benefits will be reduced.
Furthermore, the insulation, heat preservation, ventilation and lighting issues of the pig house must be considered. The pig farm should be built in a disease-free area surrounded by mountains and rivers, surrounded by natural isolation barriers, leeward to the sun, open and tidy, and slightly sloped.
Do not build large pig farms in mountain dens, otherwise there will be no ventilation in the summer and it will be very hot. In addition, the dirty air cannot be discharged, and the air quality will be poor all year round, which is not conducive to the growth and production management of pigs.
Misunderstanding 3: The pig house model is single
The main problems in the old pig farm are: the feeding stages are crossed, and all-in and all-out cannot be achieved; one-point breeding, breeding, pregnancy, farrowing, nursery, growth and fattening are all in the same place.
In order to save money and convenience, some pig farms build boar barns, sow barns, and fattening pig barns into the same model. Building pig houses in this way is not conducive to production management, but also affects the normal growth, development and breeding of breeding pigs. For example, sows crush or bite piglets to death, and breeding pigs may fall, bruise, or sprain due to slippery ground or poor facilities when mating or standing.
In fact, the construction of sow houses, boar houses, nursery houses, and fattening pig houses all have different requirements and cannot be the same. For example, the most important sow house in a pig farm: due to the impact of farrowing sows, nursing sows, and suckling piglets on the environment The requirements for conditions such as temperature and care are relatively high, and a special farrowing room needs to be built. In comparison, the construction and production equipment of empty and pregnant sow houses are relatively simple. Therefore, the design of the delivery room must take into account both mother and child. The suitable temperature for sows in the farrowing room is about 20°C, and the house temperature cannot change significantly.
Misunderstanding 4:: Unreasonable space design
In order to expand the breeding capacity, some pig farms are building new pig farms in every possible way, which is a taboo in pig farm design. Farmers are most likely to fall into the misunderstanding of "casual and secure" when building pig farms. They are not sure about the space between pig houses, and the wrong orientation of pig houses leads to poor insulation, heat preservation, ventilation and other effects in the farm. The feeding environment deteriorates and pigs If there are more diseases, the economic benefits will decrease.
For example, the distance between some pig houses is too small, only twice the height of the wall, resulting in dark light inside the house, mosquitoes and flies flying around, and a fishy smell; some pig houses have no windows, or the windows are too small. This results in poor air circulation, excessive ammonia smell, and easy formation of vortex areas or dead corners; some pig houses are too low, small in area, and have many pigs, and each head occupies an area of less than 0.6 square meters. The breeding density is high, which affects the labor force. manage.
When building a closed pig house, the wall height should be more than 2 meters, and the distance between houses should be more than three times the wall height. A green belt should be left in the middle, and evergreen trees should be planted to improve the microclimate in the pig farm. The pig house should be built large enough, and the area of each pig should not be less than 1 square meter. The windows should be small and numerous. A pig house of 10 square meters should have at least four windows of 60 square centimeters.
Since most areas in the country are dominated by southeast winds, to avoid being intruded by the cold north, the placement of pig houses should follow the "north to south, 10-15 degrees eastward" approach. The management area is located upwind and upwind of the main wind direction of the production area. The terrain is higher; the isolation area should be located in the downwind direction of the site and in the lower terrain.
Sewage, manure treatment facilities and dead pig treatment facilities should be located downwind or crosswind of the production area. The distance between the buildings in the management area and the production area is less than 20m; the distance between the buildings in the production area and the introduction isolation area is not less than 50m, the distance between houses is not less than 10m, and the distance from the fence is not less than 5m.
All types of pig houses should be arranged in an orderly manner, from top to bottom according to the wind direction, in the order of boar houses, sow houses, growing (nursing) pig houses, and fattening pig houses. The fattening pig house is best located close to the farm gate to facilitate the fattening of pigs.
In addition, the space design of the pig house should be compatible with the equipment. Some farmers do not understand the equipment and design pig houses at will, resulting in huge waste. In the pig house architectural design, we must first make a graphic design of the pig house based on the feeding process, equipment specifications and quantity, and then fully understand the various equipment of each pig house, such as fences, water supply, electricity, ventilation, insulation, cleaning and disinfection. After meeting the installation requirements for feed conveying and other equipment, carefully design the preparatory parts, reserved holes and supporting platforms for equipment installation.